probiotics
The term "probiotics" literally means "for life" (in relation to a living organism), in contrast to the term "antibiotics" ("against life"). Disruption of human and animal microbiocenoses due to widespread use of antibiotics caused the emergence of resistance to pathogenic microflora.
Gibson і Robefroid name "probiotics" the living microorganisms (for example, cultures of living bacteria in yoghurt), which must be in enough amount, remain stable and viable both at their storage and after introduction to the organism; must adapt themselves in the organism and render favorable influence on its health. The same authors first suggested to use along with the term of "probiotics" and term "prebiotics".
Unlike probiotics, prebiotics are the substances or dietary ingredients which preferentially stimulate the growth and biological activity of microorganisms in the intestine, positively influencing, in its turn, on composition of microbiocenosis.
Substances that can stimulate the growth of normal microflora are analyzed, and it is proposed to divide prebiotics into the following groups:
monosaccharides and alcohols (xylose, xylobiose, rsfinose, sorbitum and other);
oligosaccharides (lactulose, fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide and other);
polysaccharides (pectins, dextrin, inulin and other);
enzymes (β-galactosidase of microbal origin, proteases of saccharomycetes and others.);
peptids (soy-bean, milk);
antioxidants (vitamins of group B, vitamin Е, ascorbic acid), and also other bioactive additives - amino acids, vegetable extracts, organic acids et cetera.
Most researchers prefer to use live cultures of microorganisms as part of probiotics. Most often, bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, in particular lactobacilli, are used. These probiotics are called classical, as they are based on strains isolated from the human intestine and dominating it since the first days of life.
In recent years, spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus as the most prominent representatives of exogenous microflora have attracted the attention of researchers. A sufficiently large arsenal of species of this genus was tested as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute and chronic infections: В. cereus, В. polymyxa, В. coagulans, В. brevis, В. megaterium, В. pumilus, В. laterosporus etc. However, the most species of В. subtilis і В. licheniformis have been fully and comprehensively studied.
When creating probiotic preparations, strains tested for symbioticity and resistance to survival under adverse conditions should be selected. In addition, it is very important that probiotic cultures complement each other in biological activity, exhibiting the effect of synergism in the drug during microbiotherapy. It is important, when selecting strains, to take into account their adaptability under production conditions and stability during cultivation, taking into account the preservation of properties during subsequent technological cycles. This ensures that commercial probiotics are highly effective when used.
Probiotics of the new generation include drugs based on recombinant strains of microorganisms with desired properties.
Thus, the beneficial properties of fermented milk products with probiotic activity, along with the antagonism of breeding strains of starter microorganisms to infectious agents, are realized both through stimulation of biochemical processes in the macroorganism and through the mechanism of non-specific immunostimulation.
Thus, the beneficial properties of fermented milk products with probiotic activity, along with the antagonism of breeding strains of starter microorganisms to infectious agents, are realized both through stimulation of biochemical processes in the macroorganism and through the mechanism of non-specific immunostimulation.
genus | mode | strain |
---|---|---|
Lactobacillus | L. acidophilus | L. gasseri |
L. rhamnosus | L. ramnosus GG | |
L. plantarum | L. plantarum 299 v | |
L. reuteri | — | |
L. fermentum | L. fermentum KLD | |
L. lactis | — | |
L. casei | L. Shirota | |
L. bulgaricum | — | |
Bifidobacterium | B. longum B. | infantis; BB536 |
B. bifidum | — | |
B. breve | — | |
B. adolescentis | — | |
B. animalis B. | lactis Bb 12 | |
Streptococcus S. | thermophylus | — |
Enterococcus | E. faecium | Enterococcus SF68 |
Saccharomyces S. | boulardi | — |
bifidumbacterin
Bifidumbacterin contains a freeze-dried mass of probiotic bacteria of Bifidobacterium bifidum №1 of at least 1•108 microorganisms in a single dose and vial in 5 and 10 doses in vials.
Its distinctive feature is the pleasant taste and ease of use by children and adults with intestinal infections, intestinal dysbiosis of various nature, digestive disorders.
Active ingredient: dried mass of living bacteria of the antagonistically active strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum №1 at least 1•108 microorganisms in a single dose.
Release form: freeze-dried crystalline or porous mass of 5 and 10 doses in bottles or bags.
The prevalence of bifidoflora in microbiocenosis after the use of the drug normalizes the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, improves metabolic processes, stimulates the functional activity of the digestive system, prevents the development of protracted forms of intestinal diseases, and increases the nonspecific resistance of the body.
Indications for use:
treatment and prevention of intestinal dysbiosis that occurs as a result of antibacterial, hormonal, radiation and other types of therapy;
complex treatment of acute infectious intestinal diseases (dysentery, salmonellosis, escherichiosis, viral diarrhea, etc.);
treatment of convalescents after acute intestinal infections;
treatment of intestinal dysfunctions of staphylococcal and unknown etiology;
complex treatment of acute and chronic intestinal diseases (enterocolitis, colitis) with microflora disturbance.
age | dosage | order of application |
---|---|---|
Infants from the risk group (from the first hours of life) | 1-2,5 doses | 3 times per a day |
Up to 6 months | 5 doses | 2-3 times per a day |
Up 6 months to 3 years | 5 doses | 3-4 times per a day |
Up 3 to 7 years | 5 doses | 3-5 times per a day |
Older than 7 years and adults | 5-10 doses | 3-4 times per a day |
Course of treatment: For intestinal diseases - 2-3 weeks, for prophylactic purposes - 5 doses 1-2 times a day for 2-3 weeks.
Side effects: Not described.
Contraindications: Not established.
Bifidumbacterin quickly restores the disturbed intestinal microflora, is suitable for adults and children, including newborns and pregnant women, it is easily soluble, tastes good.
faq
● the use of probiotics in the treatment regimen of afore-named diseases increases efficiency of eradication of helicobacter;
● the use of probiotics on the stage of antibacterial therapy prevents the development of dysbacteriosis of different mucous membranes of a man.